Authors are invited to submit original and high-quality manuscripts to FoBIR: Frontier Business Review. Manuscripts may be written in English and must comply with the journal's formatting, ethical, and submission requirements.

All manuscripts must be submitted electronically through the Open Journal Systems (OJS) and will undergo an initial editorial screening followed by a double-blind peer-review process.

1. General Requirements

Submitted manuscripts must:

• Be original and have not been previously published.

• Not be under consideration by another journal at the time of submission.

• Be relevant to the Focus and Scope of FoBIR.

• Demonstrate clear theoretical, empirical, methodological, managerial, and/or policy contributions.

• Follow appropriate standards of research and publication ethics.

• Be written clearly and systematically.

• Follow the APA 7th Edition citation and referencing style.

• Follow the official FoBIR manuscript template.

2. Language

FoBIR accepts manuscripts written in:

• English

Manuscripts written in English must include the title, abstract, and keywords in English.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that manuscripts are written clearly and are free from significant grammatical and language errors.

3. Manuscript Length

Research and conceptual articles should generally contain approximately 5,000–8,000 words, including tables, figures, and references.

Systematic literature reviews or other review articles may be longer when justified by the nature and scope of the study.

The Editorial Team may consider manuscripts outside these recommended limits when academically justified.

4. Manuscript Structure

Research manuscripts should generally contain the following sections:

Title

The title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the main focus of the study.

Abstract

The abstract should contain approximately 150–250 words and briefly present:

• Purpose or research objective

• Methodology

• Main findings

• Research contribution or implications

The abstract should be understandable without reference to the main manuscript.

Keywords

Authors should provide 3–6 keywords that represent the central concepts of the manuscript.

Introduction

The Introduction should clearly explain:

• Research background and context

• Relevant problem or phenomenon

• Research gap

• Research objective and/or research questions

• Significance and expected contribution of the study

Literature Review and/or Theoretical Background

This section should critically discuss relevant theories and previous studies and establish the theoretical foundation for the research.

Where appropriate, authors may develop hypotheses, propositions, or a conceptual framework.

Research Methodology

The methodology should provide sufficient information to allow readers to understand and evaluate the research process.

Depending on the methodological approach, this may include:

• Research design

• Research setting or context

• Population and sample

• Participant or informant selection

• Data sources

• Data collection procedures

• Measurement and instruments

• Data analysis procedures

• Reliability and validity

• Trustworthiness

• Ethical considerations

Results / Findings

The results or findings should be presented clearly and systematically and should directly address the research objectives or questions.

Tables and figures may be used where they improve the presentation and interpretation of the findings.

Discussion

The Discussion should interpret the findings in relation to:

• Research questions or hypotheses

• Relevant theoretical perspectives

• Previous literature

• Theoretical contributions

• Managerial and/or practical implications

Authors are encouraged to explain not only whether findings are consistent with previous research but also why the findings matter and how they advance existing knowledge.

Conclusion

The Conclusion should summarize the main findings and contributions of the study without simply repeating previous sections.

Where appropriate, it should address:

• Main conclusions

• Theoretical contributions

• Managerial or practical implications

• Policy implications

• Research limitations

• Directions for future research

References

All references cited in the manuscript must appear in the reference list, and all references listed must be cited in the manuscript.

FoBIR follows the APA 7th Edition referencing style.

5. Conceptual and Review Articles

The structure of conceptual papers, systematic literature reviews, bibliometric studies, and other review-based manuscripts may differ from the standard empirical research structure.

However, these manuscripts should clearly demonstrate:

• A well-defined research objective or problem

• A transparent and appropriate methodology where applicable

• Critical engagement with relevant literature

• Clear synthesis or conceptual development

• A substantive theoretical and/or practical contribution

A literature review that only summarizes previous studies without meaningful synthesis or contribution may not be considered sufficient for publication.

6. Tables and Figures

Tables and figures should:

• Be numbered consecutively.

• Have clear and descriptive titles.

• Be referred to within the main text.

• Be presented in appropriate locations within the manuscript.

• Be readable and of sufficient quality for publication.

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission when reproducing copyrighted figures, tables, or other materials from previously published sources.

Sources should be appropriately acknowledged.

7. Citation and Reference Style

FoBIR uses the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th Edition citation and referencing style.

Authors are encouraged to use reference-management software such as Zotero, Mendeley, or EndNote to improve citation consistency.

Authors should prioritize relevant, credible, and up-to-date scholarly sources. The use of primary academic sources and peer-reviewed journal articles is strongly encouraged.

8. Double-Blind Peer Review Preparation

FoBIR uses a double-blind peer-review process, meaning that the identities of authors and reviewers are concealed from each other during the review process.

Authors must therefore submit an anonymized manuscript for review.

The manuscript submitted for peer review should not contain:

• Author names

• Institutional affiliations

• Author email addresses

• ORCID information

• Acknowledgments that reveal author identity

• Other information that could reasonably identify the authors

Author information should be entered separately through the OJS submission metadata and/or title page as instructed by the journal.

Authors should also ensure that file properties or document metadata do not reveal their identities.

9. Research Ethics

Research involving human participants should comply with relevant ethical principles and institutional requirements.

Where ethical approval is required, authors should provide appropriate information concerning the ethics committee or institutional review process.

Authors are responsible for obtaining informed consent where applicable.

10. Plagiarism and Originality

All manuscripts must represent original scholarly work.

Submitted manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism-detection software before entering or during the editorial review process.

Plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, inappropriate authorship, citation manipulation, and other forms of research misconduct are prohibited.

Authors should refer to the journal's Publication Ethics policy for further information.

11. Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors may use generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted technologies responsibly to support appropriate aspects of research or manuscript preparation.

However:

• AI tools cannot be listed as authors.

• Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the manuscript.

• Authors must verify AI-generated information and references.

• AI-generated or fabricated references are strictly unacceptable.

• Substantial use of generative AI in manuscript preparation, analysis, coding, visualization, or other research activities should be transparently disclosed.

AI tools should not replace the authors' scholarly judgment, critical analysis, interpretation, or intellectual contribution.

12. Conflict of Interest and Funding

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, or personal relationships that could potentially influence the research or its interpretation.

Sources of research funding should also be clearly acknowledged.

If there is no conflict of interest, authors may provide an appropriate declaration stating that no conflict of interest exists.

13. Submission Process

Manuscripts must be submitted electronically through the FoBIR Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform.

Authors should:

1. Register or log in to the FoBIR OJS platform.

2. Start a new submission.

3. Complete all required submission information.

4. Enter accurate manuscript metadata.

5. Provide complete information for all authors.

6. Upload the anonymized manuscript.

7. Upload supplementary materials where applicable.

8. Review all information before completing the submission.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all information submitted through OJS is complete and accurate.

14. Submission Checklist

Before submitting a manuscript, authors should ensure that:

• The manuscript fits the Focus and Scope of FoBIR.

• The manuscript represents original work.

• The manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere.

• The manuscript follows the FoBIR template.

• The manuscript has been anonymized for double-blind peer review.

• The title and abstract accurately represent the study.

• Keywords have been provided.

• Citations and references follow APA 7th Edition.

• All cited references appear in the reference list.

• Tables and figures are properly numbered and referenced.

• Necessary ethical approvals and informed consent have been obtained where applicable.

• Conflicts of interest and funding sources have been disclosed.

• Any substantial use of generative AI has been appropriately disclosed.

• The manuscript has been carefully proofread before submission.

15. Editorial Decision

Submission of a manuscript does not guarantee publication.

Manuscripts may be:

• Declined during initial editorial screening,

• Sent for double-blind peer review,

• Returned for revision,

• Accepted for publication, or

• Rejected based on editorial and reviewer evaluations.

Editorial decisions are based on the manuscript's relevance to the journal, originality, theoretical and/or practical contribution, methodological rigor, quality of presentation, and compliance with FoBIR's editorial and ethical standards.